Journal cover
Journal topic
Earth System Dynamics
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- Imprint
- Data protection
- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- Imprint
- Data protection
Journal metrics
Journal metrics
IF 3.769
CiteScore 4.14
SNIP 1.170
SJR 2.253
h5-index 26
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed
Volume 4, issue 2 |
Copyright
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 439-454, 2013
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 439-454, 2013
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article 28 Nov 2013
Research article | 28 Nov 2013
Do GCMs predict the climate ... or macroweather?
S. Lovejoy et al.Related authors
Shaun Lovejoy and Fabrice Lambert
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, 2018
Manuscript under review for CP
Shaun Lovejoy and Costas Varotsos
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 133-150, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, 2016
F. Landais, F. Schmidt, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 713-722, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, 2015
S. Lovejoy, L. del Rio Amador, and R. Hébert
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 637-658, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, 2015
C. A. Varotsos, S. Lovejoy, N. V. Sarlis, C. G. Tzanis, and M. N. Efstathiou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7301-7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, 2015
J. Pinel and S. Lovejoy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3195-3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, 2014
G. A. Schmidt, J. D. Annan, P. J. Bartlein, B. I. Cook, E. Guilyardi, J. C. Hargreaves, S. P. Harrison, M. Kageyama, A. N. LeGrande, B. Konecky, S. Lovejoy, M. E. Mann, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Risi, D. Thompson, A. Timmermann, L.-B. Tremblay, and P. Yiou
Clim. Past, 10, 221-250, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, 2014
A. Gires, I. Tchiguirinskaia, D. Schertzer, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 20, 343-356, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, 2013
Shaun Lovejoy and Fabrice Lambert
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, 2018
Manuscript under review for CP
Rosa Vicari, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, and Daniel Schertzer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-200, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-200, 2018
Manuscript under review for NHESS
Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, and Daniel Schertzer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 941-950, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-941-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-941-2018, 2018
Rosa Vicari, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, and Daniel Schertzer
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2018-4, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2018-4, 2018
Manuscript under review for GC
Abdellah Ichiba, Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, Philippe Bompard, and Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 331-350, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-331-2018, 2018
Daniel Wolfensberger, Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14253-14273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14253-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14253-2017, 2017
Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, Susana Ochoa-Rodriguez, Patrick Willems, Abdellah Ichiba, Li-Pen Wang, Rui Pina, Johan Van Assel, Guendalina Bruni, Damian Murla Tuyls, and Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2361-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, 2017
Auguste Gires, Catherine L. Muller, Marie-Agathe le Gueut, and Daniel Schertzer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1751-1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1751-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1751-2016, 2016
Shaun Lovejoy and Costas Varotsos
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 133-150, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, 2016
F. Landais, F. Schmidt, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 713-722, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, 2015
S. Lovejoy, L. del Rio Amador, and R. Hébert
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 637-658, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, 2015
C. A. Varotsos, S. Lovejoy, N. V. Sarlis, C. G. Tzanis, and M. N. Efstathiou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7301-7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, 2015
J. Pinel and S. Lovejoy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3195-3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, 2014
G. A. Schmidt, J. D. Annan, P. J. Bartlein, B. I. Cook, E. Guilyardi, J. C. Hargreaves, S. P. Harrison, M. Kageyama, A. N. LeGrande, B. Konecky, S. Lovejoy, M. E. Mann, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Risi, D. Thompson, A. Timmermann, L.-B. Tremblay, and P. Yiou
Clim. Past, 10, 221-250, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, 2014
A. Gires, I. Tchiguirinskaia, D. Schertzer, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 20, 343-356, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Earth system change: climate prediction
A mathematical approach to understanding emergent constraints
Seasonal prediction skill of East Asian summer monsoon in CMIP5 models
Assessing the impact of a future volcanic eruption on decadal predictions
Projections of East Asian summer monsoon change at global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C
Changes in extremely hot days under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the HAPPI multi-model ensemble
Regional scaling of annual mean precipitation and water availability with global temperature change
Irreversible ocean thermal expansion under carbon dioxide removal
Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols
Selecting a climate model subset to optimise key ensemble properties
Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan
On the meaning of independence in climate science
Minimal change of thermal continentality in Slovakia within the period 1961–2013
Lifetime of soil moisture perturbations in a coupled land–atmosphere simulation
The ScaLIng Macroweather Model (SLIMM): using scaling to forecast global-scale macroweather from months to decades
Ice supersaturation and the potential for contrail formation in a changing climate
Global hydrological droughts in the 21st century under a changing hydrological regime
Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice-sheet models
A trend-preserving bias correction – the ISI-MIP approach
Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature change derived from emission-driven global climate models
A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties
On the determination of the global cloud feedback from satellite measurements
Femke J. M. M. Nijsse and Henk A. Dijkstra
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 999-1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-999-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-999-2018, 2018
Bo Huang, Ulrich Cubasch, and Christopher Kadow
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 985-997, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-985-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-985-2018, 2018
Sebastian Illing, Christopher Kadow, Holger Pohlmann, and Claudia Timmreck
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 701-715, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-701-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-701-2018, 2018
Jiawei Liu, Haiming Xu, and Jiechun Deng
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 427-439, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-427-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-427-2018, 2018
Michael Wehner, Dáithí Stone, Dann Mitchell, Hideo Shiogama, Erich Fischer, Lise S. Graff, Viatcheslav V. Kharin, Ludwig Lierhammer, Benjamin Sanderson, and Harinarayan Krishnan
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 299-311, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-299-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-299-2018, 2018
Peter Greve, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 227-240, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-227-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-227-2018, 2018
Dana Ehlert and Kirsten Zickfeld
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 197-210, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-197-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-197-2018, 2018
Michael F. Wehner, Kevin A. Reed, Burlen Loring, Dáithí Stone, and Harinarayan Krishnan
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 187-195, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-187-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-187-2018, 2018
Nadja Herger, Gab Abramowitz, Reto Knutti, Oliver Angélil, Karsten Lehmann, and Benjamin M. Sanderson
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 135-151, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-135-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-135-2018, 2018
Maida Zahid, Richard Blender, Valerio Lucarini, and Maria Caterina Bramati
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1263-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1263-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1263-2017, 2017
James D. Annan and Julia C. Hargreaves
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 211-224, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-211-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-211-2017, 2017
Jozef Vilček, Jaroslav Škvarenina, Jaroslav Vido, Paulína Nalevanková, Radoslav Kandrík, and Jana Škvareninová
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 735-744, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-735-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-735-2016, 2016
T. Stacke and S. Hagemann
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 1-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-1-2016, 2016
S. Lovejoy, L. del Rio Amador, and R. Hébert
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 637-658, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, 2015
E. A. Irvine and K. P. Shine
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 555-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-555-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-555-2015, 2015
N. Wanders, Y. Wada, and H. A. J. Van Lanen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-1-2015, 2015
A. Levermann, R. Winkelmann, S. Nowicki, J. L. Fastook, K. Frieler, R. Greve, H. H. Hellmer, M. A. Martin, M. Meinshausen, M. Mengel, A. J. Payne, D. Pollard, T. Sato, R. Timmermann, W. L. Wang, and R. A. Bindschadler
Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 271-293, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-271-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-271-2014, 2014
S. Hempel, K. Frieler, L. Warszawski, J. Schewe, and F. Piontek
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 219-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-219-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-219-2013, 2013
B. B. B. Booth, D. Bernie, D. McNeall, E. Hawkins, J. Caesar, C. Boulton, P. Friedlingstein, and D. M. H. Sexton
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 95-108, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-95-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-95-2013, 2013
M. Perrette, F. Landerer, R. Riva, K. Frieler, and M. Meinshausen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 11-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-11-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-11-2013, 2013
T. Masters
Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 97-107, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-97-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-97-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Blender, R., Fraedrich, K., and Hunt, B.: Millennial climate variability: GCM-simulation and Greenland ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04710, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024919, 2006.
Bryson, R. A.: The Paradigm of Climatology: An Essay, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 450–456, 2007.
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J., Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P., Brönnimann, S., Brunet, M., Crouthamel, R. I., Grant, A. N., Groisman, P. Y., Jones, P. D., Kruger, A. C., Kruk, M., Marshall, G. J., Maugeri, M., Mok, H. Y., Nordli, Ø., Ross, T. F., Trigo, R. M., Wang, X. L., Woodruff, S. D., and Worley, S. J.: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.776, 2011.
Crowley, T. J.: Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years, Science, 289, 270–273, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5477.270, 2000.
Crowley, T. J., Zielinski, G., Vinther, B., Udisti, R., Kreutzs, K., Cole-Dai, J., and Castellano, E.: Volcanism and the Little Ice Age, PAGES Newslett., 16, 22–23, 2008.
Eichner, J. F., Koscielny-Bunde, E., Bunde, A., Havlin, S., and Schellnhuber, H.-J.: Power-law persistance and trends in the atmosphere: A detailed studey of long temperature records, Phys. Rev. E, 68, 046133-40, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.046133, 2003.
Fichefet, T. and Morales Maqueda, M. A.: Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12609–12646, 1997.
Fraedrich, K. and Blender, K.: Scaling of Atmosphere and Ocean Temperature Correlations in Observations and Climate Models, Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 108501–108504, 2003.
Fraedrich, K., Blender, R., and Zhu, X.: Continuum Climate Variability: Long-Term Memory, Scaling, and 1/f-Noise, Int. J. Modern Phys. B, 23, 5403–5416, 2009.
Franzke, C.: Long-range dependence and climate noise characteristics of Antarctica temperature data, J. Climate, 23, 6074–6081, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCL13654.1, 2010.
Franzke, C.: Nonlinear trends, long-range dependence and climate noise properties of temperature, J. Climate, 25, 4172–4183, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00293.1, 2012.
Franzke, J., Esper, J., and Brönnimann, S.: Spectral biases in tree-ring climate proxies, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 360–364, https://doi.org/10.1038/Nclimate1816, 2013.
Gao, C. G., Robock, A., and Ammann, C.: Volcanic forcing of climate over the past 1500 years: and improved ice core-based index for climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010239, 2008.
Hourdin, F., Musat, I., Bony, S., Braconnot, P., Codron, F., Dufresne, J.-L., Fairhead, L., Filiberti, M.-A., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J.-Y., Krinner, G., LeVan, P., Li, Z.-X., and Lott, F.: The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection, Clim. Dynam., 27, 787–813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0158-0, 2006.
Huang, S. P., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.-Y.: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures, Nature, 403, 756–758, 2000.
Huybers, P. and Curry, W.: Links between annual, Milankovitch and continuum temperature variability, Nature, 441, 329–332, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04745, 2006.
Jungclaus, J. H., Keenlyside, N., Botzet, M., Haak, H., Luo, J.-J., Latif, M., Marotzke, J., Mikolajewicz, U., and Roeckner, E.: Ocean Circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPIOM, J. Climate, 19, 3952–3972, 2006.
Jungclaus, J. H., Lorenz, S. J., Timmreck, C., Reick, C. H., Brovkin, V., Six, K., Segschneider, J., Giorgetta, M. A., Crowley, T. J., Pongratz, J., Krivova, N. A., Vieira, L. E., Solanki, S. K., Klocke, D., Botzet, M., Esch, M., Gayler, V., Haak, H., Raddatz, T. J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Widmann, H., Claussen, M., Stevens, B., and Marotzke, J.: Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium, Clim. Past, 6, 723–737, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-723-2010, 2010.
Kantelhardt, J. W., Zscchegner, S. A., Koscielny-Bunde, K., Havlin, S., Bunde, A., and Stanley, H. E.: Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series, Physica A, 316, 87–114, 2002.
Krinner, G., Viovy, N., De Noblet-Ducoudre, N., Ogeé, J., Polcher, J., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Sitch, S., and Prentice, I. C.: A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, Gb1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002199, 2005.
Krivova, N. A. and Solanki, S. K.: Models of Solar Irradiance Variations: Current Status, J. Astrophys. Aston., 29, 151–158, 2008.
Krivova, N. A., Balmaceda, L., and Solanski, S. K.: Reconstruction of solar total irradiance since 1700 from the surface magnetic field flux, Astron. Astrophys., 467, 335–346, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066725, 2007.
Lanfredi, M., Simoniello, T., Cuomo, V., and Macchiato, M.: Discriminating low frequency components from long range persistent fluctuations in daily atmospheric temperature variability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4537–4544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4537-2009, 2009.
Lean, J. L.: Evolution of the Sun's Spectral Irradiance Since the Maunder Minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2425–2428, 2000.
Lennartz, S. and Bunde, A.: Trend evaluation in records with long term memory: Application to global warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039516, 2009.
Ljundqvist, F. C.: A new reconstruction of temperature variability in the extra – tropical Northern Hemisphere during the last two millennia, Geograf. Ann. A, 92, 339–351 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2010.00399.x, 2010.
Lovejoy, S.: Scaling fluctuation analysis and statistical hypothesis testing of anthropogenic warming, Clim. Dynam., submitted, 2013a.
Lovejoy, S.: What is climate?, EOS, 94, 1–2, 2013b.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Scale invariance in climatological temperatures and the spectral plateau, Ann. Geophys., 4B, 401–410, 1986.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Towards a new synthesis for atmospheric dynamics: space-time cascades, Atmos. Res., 96, 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.01.004, 2010.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Haar wavelets, fluctuations and structure functions: convenient choices for geophysics, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 513–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-513-2012, 2012a.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Low frequency weather and the emergence of the Climate, in: Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity Perspective, edited by: Sharma, A. S., Bunde, A., Baker, D., and Dimri, V. P., AGU monographs, Washington, D.C., 231–254, 2012b.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Stochastic and scaling climate sensitivities: solar, volcanic and orbital forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051871, 2012c.
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: The Weather and Climate: Emergent Laws and Multifractal Cascades, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 496 pp., 2013.
Madec, G., Delecluse, P., Imbard, M., and Lévy, C.: OPA 8.1 Ocean General Circulation Model Reference Manual Rep., Laboratoire d'Océanographie DYnamique et de Climatologie, IPSL, Paris, France, 97 pp., 1998.
Mann, M. E., Cane, M. A., Zebiak, S. E., and Clement, A.: Volcanic and solar forcing of the tropical pacific over the past 1000 years, J. Climate, 18, 447–456, 2005.
Moberg, A., Sonnechkin, D. M., Holmgren, K., and Datsenko, N. M.: Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data, Nature, 433, 613–617, 2005.
Monetti, R. A., Havlin, S., and Bunde, A.: Long-term persistance in the sea surface temeprature fluctuations, Physica A, 320, 581–589, 2003.
Osborn, T. J., Raper, S. C. B., and Briffa, K. R.: Simulated climate change during the last 1,000 years: comparing the ECHO-G general circulation model with the MAGICC simple climate model, Clim. Dynam., 27, 185–197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0129-5, 2006.
Pelletier, J. D.: The power spectral density of atmospheric temperature from scales of 10** −2 to 10**6 yr, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 158, 157–164, 1998.
Peng, C.-K., Buldyrev, S. V., Havlin, S., Simons, M., Stanley, H. E., and Goldberger, A. L.: Mosaic organisation of DNA nucleotides, Phys. Rev. E, 49, 1685–1689, 1994.
Pielke, R.: Climate prediction as an initial value problem, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2743–2746, 1998.
Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K. G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate-carbon feedback during the twenty-first century?, Clim. Dynam., 29, 565–574, 2007.
Rayner, N. A., Brohan, P., Parker, D. E., Folland, C. K., Kennedy, J. J., Vanicek, M., Ansell, T., and Tett, S. F. B.: Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in marine temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: the HadSST2 dataset, J. Climate, 19, 446–469, 2006.
Roeckner, E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Christoph, M., Claussen, M., Dümenil, L., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Schlese, U., and Schulzweida, U.: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM-4: model description and simulation of present-day climate Rep., Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 90 pp., 1996.
Rybski, D., Bunde, A., Havlin, S., and von Storch, H.: Long-term persistance in climate and the detection problem, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06718, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025591, 2006.
Rybski, D., Bunde, A., and von Storch, H.: Long-term memory in 1000-year simulated temperature records, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008568, 2008.
Schertzer, D. and Lovejoy, S.: Physical modeling and Analysis of Rain and Clouds by Anisotropic Scaling of Multiplicative Processes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9693–9714, 1987.
Schertzer, D. and Lovejoy, S.: Multifractals, Generalized Scale Invariance and Complexity in Geophysics, Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos, 21, 3417–3456, 2011.
Schertzer D., Lovejoy, S., Schmitt, F., Tchiguirinskaia, I., and Marsan, D.: Multifractal cascade dynamics and turbulent intermittency, Fractals, 5, 427–471, 1997.
Schmidt, G. A., Jungclaus, J. H., Ammann, C. M., Bard, E., Braconnot, P., Crowley, T. J., Delaygue, G., Joos, F., Krivova, N. A., Muscheler, R., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Pongratz, J., Shindell, D. T., Solanki, S. K., Steinhilber, F. and Vieira, L. E. A.: Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data, J. Climate, 19, 153–192, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3612.1, 2006.
Schmidt, G. A., Jungclaus, J. H., Ammann, C. M., Bard, E., Braconnot, P., Crowley, T. J., Delaygue, G., Joos, F., Krivova, N. A., Muscheler, R., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Pongratz, J., Shindell, D. T., Solanki, S. K., Steinhilber, F., and Vieira, L. E. A.: Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 33–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-33-2011, 2011.
Schmidt, G. A., Jungclaus, J. H., Ammann, C. M., Bard, E., Braconnot, P., Crowley, T. J., Delaygue, G., Joos, F., Krivova, N. A., Muscheler, R., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Pongratz, J., Shindell, D. T., Solanki, S. K., Steinhilber, F., and Vieira, L. E. A.: Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the Last Millennium (v1.1), Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 185–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-185-2012, 2012.
Schmidt, G. A., Annan, J. D., Bartlein, P. J., Cook, B. I., Guilyardi, E., Hargreaves, J. C., Harrison, S. P., Kageyama, M., LeGrande, A. N., Konecky, B., Lovejoy, S., Mann, M. E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Risi, C., Thompson, D., Timmermann, A., Tremblay, L.-B., and Yiou, P.: Using paleo-climate comparisons to constrain future projections in CMIP5, Clim. Past Discuss., 9, 775–835, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-775-2013, 2013.
Schmitt, F., Lovejoy, S., and Schertzer, D.: Multifractal analysis of the Greenland Ice-core project climate data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1689–1692, 1995.
Shapiro, A. I., Schmutz, W., Rozanov, E., Schoell, M., Haberreiter, M., Shapiro, A. V., and Nyeki, S.: A new approach to long-term reconstruction of the solar irradiance leads to large historical solar forcing, Astron. Astrophys., 529, A67, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201016173, 2011.
Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M. M. B., and Miller Jr., H. L. (Eds.): Climate Change 2007 The physical science basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
Steinhilber, F., Beer, J., and Frohlich, C.: Total solar irradiance during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19704 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040142, 2009.
Vieira, L. E. A., Solanki, S. K., Krivova, N. A., and Usoskin, I.: Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene, Astron. Astrophys., 531, A6, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015843, 2011.
von Storch, H., Zorita, E., Jones, J. M., Dimitriev, Y., Gonzalez-Rouco, F., and Tett, S. F. B.: Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data, Science, 306, 679–682, 2004.
Vyushin, D., Zhidkov, I., Havlin, S., Bunde, A., and Brenner, S.: Volcanic forcing improves Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled, Geophy. Res. Lett., 31, L10206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019499, 2004.
Wang, Y.-M., Lean, J. L., and Sheeley, N. R. J.: Modeling the Sun's magnetic field and irradiance since 1713, Astrophys J., 625, 522–538, 2005.
Wetzel, P., Maier-Reimer, E., Botzet, M., Jungclaus, J. H., Keenlyside, N., and Latif, M.: Effects of ocean biology on the penetrative radiation on a coupled climate model, J. Climate, 19, 3973–3987, 2006.
Wolff, J. O., Maier-Reimer, E., and Legutke, S.: The Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation Model HOPE Rep., German Climate Computer Center (DKRZ), Hamburg, Germany, 98 pp., 1997.
Wunsch, C.: The spectral energy description of climate change including the 100 ky energy, Clim. Dynam., 20, 353–363, 2003.
Zhu, X., Fraederich, L., and Blender, R.: Variability regimes of simulated Atlantic MOC, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027291, 2006.
Search articles