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Tipping points have potentially major detrimental impacts on natural and human systems. This study highlights how the rate of change in external conditions is arguably one of the key tipping mechanisms for both natural and human systems in the human-dominated anthropocene. This notion of rate-induced tipping -- namely an instability that occurs when external conditions vary faster than some critical rate -- will likely become an increasingly important topic of scientific research in the coming years.

This paper proposes a novel method for translating past observed extreme weather events into current or future climates. It illustrates this with the analysis of an extreme windstorm that occurred in 1903. The latter storm would likely be more damaging if it occurred today rather than 120 years ago.

This study assesses climate impacts on the economy and society of the USA, using a model that can downscale impacts to regional scale. The findings are thus both scientifically and policy-relevant.

This work links two very actual scientific topics, which are also highly relevant for public understanding of climate change. First, timelines to crossing the Paris Agreement thresholds under future emissions scenarios; second, the rapid warming and profound changes under way in the Arctic region.

This study provides an intercomparison of different Stratospheric Aerosol Injection strategies. The strategy choice affects the distribution of aerosol optical depth, the injection efficiency and, crucially, the surface climate response. These results lay the foundation for future trade-off analyses and design strategy optimization.

Agro-ecological drought has so far been subject to comparatively little research in the detection and attribution literature, compared to meteorological drought. Nonetheless, it is of direct relevance for socio-environmental impacts. This paper addresses such knolwedge gap by focussing on a recent major drought event.

This study provides a global synthesis of vegetation resistance to drought and heat, including the roles of forest management and crop irrigation. This uniquely complete overview is valuable to further our broader understanding of vegetation and ecosystem resilience to climatic stressors.

The authors provided this statement: Water storage (WS) plays a profound role in the lives of people in the Middle East and North Africa and Mediterranean climate “hot spots”. Simulated is WS changed by greenhouse gas (GHG) warming with and without stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI). WS significantly increases in the Arabian Peninsula and decreases around the Mediterranean under GHG. While SAI partially ameliorates the GHG impacts, Projected WS increases in dry regions and decreases in wet areas relative to the present climate. This is an area that is going to continue to receive attention as climate change progresses, and the effects of SAI on this potentially uninhabitable region in the future are of paramount importance.

There is a noted paucity of studies looking at the effects of geoengineering on the ocean and its circulation. Also, this region is very important as the driver of the MJO and subseasonal-to-seasonal predictability. We need more studies looking at things like this.

There are not a lot of studies about the effects of SRM on renewable energy and how those interactions might contribute to strategies to offset climate change.

This paper examines a highly impactful climate extreme in Africa - a region which is very vulnerable to climate change but has received comparatively little attention in the extreme event attribution literature. Its analysis brings event attribution science closer to societal impacts.